Cron Field Reference
A standard Unix cron expression has 5 fields: minute hour day-of-month month day-of-week. Each field can be a number, a range (1-5), a list (1,3,5), or a step (*/10). The 6-field variant adds a seconds field at the start.
Special Characters
* matches any value. , separates multiple values. - defines a range. / defines steps — e.g., */5 in the minute field means every 5 minutes. L means "last" (last day of month, or last Friday = 5L). W finds the nearest weekday. # specifies the Nth occurrence of a weekday (e.g., 2#3 = third Tuesday).
Common Mistakes
- Timezone: Cron always runs in the server's local timezone. Use UTC on servers and convert for your users.
- Day-of-month AND day-of-week: If both are non-
*, most implementations trigger when either condition is met (OR logic), not AND. - Zero-indexed weeks: Sunday is
0 in Unix cron but 7 is also accepted on many systems. Quartz uses 1=Sunday. - Missed jobs: If the server is down, cron jobs that were missed are not re-run automatically unless you use a scheduler that supports catch-up.
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